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Radical-7 Signal Extraction Pulse CO-Oximeter Operator’s Manual 1-7
1
1
Overview
temperature, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO
2
), 2,3-DPG, and fetal hemoglobin.
In the case of SpCO, different results are also expected if concentration of methemoglobin in
the blood gas sample is abnormal (greater than 2% for methemoglobin concentration). High
levels of bilirubin may cause erroneous SpO
2
, SpMet, SpCO and SpHb readings. As blood
samples are usually taken over a period of 20 seconds (the time it takes to draw the blood)
a meaningful comparison can only be achieved if the oxygen saturation, carboxyhemoglobin
and methemoglobin concentration of the patient are stable and not changing over the
period of time that the blood gas sample is taken. Subsequently, blood gas and laboratory
CO-Oximetry measurements of SpO
2
, SpCO, SpMet, SpHb and SpOC may vary with the
rapid administration of fluids and in procedures such as dialysis. Additionally, drawn, whole-
blood testing can be affected by sample handling methods and time elapsed between blood
draw and sample testing.
SIGNAL EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGY (SET)
Masimo Signal Extraction Technology's signal processing differs from that of conventional
pulse oximeters. Conventional pulse oximeters assume that arterial blood is the only blood
moving (pulsating) in the measurement site. During patient motion, however, the venous
blood also moves, causing conventional pulse oximeters to read low values, because they
cannot distinguish between the arterial and venous blood movement (sometimes referred to
as noise). Masimo SET pulse oximetry utilizes parallel engines and adaptive digital fi ltering.
Adaptive fi lters are powerful because they are able to adapt to the varying physiologic signals
and/or noise and separate them by looking at the whole signal and breaking it down to its
fundamental components. The Masimo SET signal processing algorithm, Discrete Saturation
Transform
®
(DST®), in parallel with Fast Saturation Transform® (FST®), reliably identifi es the
noise, isolates it and, using adaptive fi lters, cancels it. It then reports the true arterial oxygen
saturation for display on the monitor.
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